Category: General questions

Code 95 Training Courses: Short vs. Long

Code 95 is a qualification required for professional bus and truck drivers in the European Union. It confirms that a driver possesses the necessary skills and knowledge to drive safely and professionally. The training courses for Code 95 come in different durations, primarily focusing on initial qualification (long courses) and periodic training (short courses).

Initial Qualification (Long Course)

Purpose: This course is designed for new drivers or those returning to the profession after a long absence. It provides comprehensive training to ensure drivers meet the required standards.

Duration and Content:

• Length: Typically, the initial qualification course is more extensive, often involving several weeks or months of training.
• Content: The curriculum covers a wide range of topics, including:
• Driving regulations and laws
• Vehicle technology and maintenance
• Road safety and accident prevention
• First aid
• Customer service and communication
• Practical driving skills

Exam: After completing the initial qualification course, drivers must pass a theoretical and practical exam to obtain their Code 95.

Periodic Training (Short Course)

Purpose: Periodic training is required every five years to keep professional drivers up-to-date with the latest regulations, technologies, and best practices.

Duration and Content:

• Length: The periodic training consists of 35 hours of training every five years. This is often split into five 7-hour modules.
• Content: The training focuses on refreshing and updating existing knowledge, including:
• Changes in traffic laws and regulations
• New vehicle technologies
• Safe driving techniques
• Health and safety
• Emergency procedures

Exam: There is typically no exam required for periodic training. The focus is on participation and engagement in the training sessions.

Key Differences Summarized

• Duration: Initial qualification is a longer, more intensive course, while periodic training is shorter and spread out over five years.
• Content: Initial qualification covers a broader range of topics in-depth, whereas periodic training focuses on updates and refreshers.
• Exam: Initial qualification requires passing an exam, while periodic training usually does not.
• Target Audience: Initial qualification is for new or returning drivers, while periodic training is for experienced drivers needing to maintain their certification.

Official References and Links

For detailed and specific information, refer to the official regulations and guidelines provided by the European Union and the specific member state where the training is being undertaken.

• European Commission: Driver CPC

Origin: https://driver-work.com/docs/short-and-long-code-95-training-courses-what-is-the-difference/

EU Code 95 Training: What Happens if I Move Mid-Cycle?

If you move to another EU member state mid-cycle, meaning before completing your periodic training for Code 95, the following generally applies:

Continued Validity

Your existing Code 95 remains valid until its expiry date, regardless of your move. The Code 95 is recognized across the EU.

Training Requirements in the New Country

You must continue your periodic training in the new EU member state where you are now resident or working. The rules are as follows:

• Completing the Training: You are required to complete the remaining hours of your periodic training in your new country of residence. The total training must meet the EU standard of 35 hours every five years.
• Recognition of Previous Training: Any training you have already completed in another EU member state will be recognized. You don’t have to repeat those modules. You should provide proof of completed training to the relevant authorities in your new country of residence.
• Issuance of New Code 95: Upon completing all required training hours, the new member state will update your driving license or issue a driver qualification card (DQC) with the new expiry date.

Documentation

It is essential to keep accurate records of all training completed, including dates, locations, and course content. This documentation will be required when you apply for the renewal of your Code 95 in the new member state.

Example Scenario

Let’s say you obtained your Code 95 in Germany and completed 21 hours of training. Then, you moved to Spain. In Spain, you would only need to complete the remaining 14 hours of training to fulfill the 35-hour requirement.

Relevant Directives and Regulations

• Directive 2003/59/EC: This is the primary EU directive that governs the Certificate of Professional Competence (CPC), including Code 95. It sets out the initial qualification and periodic training requirements for professional drivers.
• Directive 2006/126/EC: On driving licences.

Where to Find More Information

• EU Official Website: The official European Union website provides detailed information on the rules and regulations for professional drivers.
• National Transport Authorities: Check the website of the national transport authority in the EU country where you are moving. They can provide specific guidance on how to continue your Code 95 training.

Always consult the specific regulations of the EU member state where you are resident or working, as interpretations and specific requirements can vary.

Origin: https://driver-work.com/docs/eu-code-95-training-what-happens-if-i-move-mid-cycle/

What is Code 95?

Code 95 is a mandatory qualification for professional drivers who drive lorries or buses for commercial purposes within the European Union (EU). It confirms that a driver possesses the necessary skills and knowledge to drive safely and professionally. It is added to the driver’s license and is recognized in all EU countries.

Why is Code 95 Necessary?

Code 95 ensures that all professional drivers maintain high standards of safety and competence. It helps to:

• Improve Road Safety: By ensuring drivers are well-trained and up-to-date with the latest regulations and driving techniques.
• Promote Professionalism: By setting a standard for professional driving across the EU.
• Ensure Fair Competition: By establishing uniform qualification requirements for drivers in all member states.
• Comply with EU Regulations: As mandated by EU Directive 2003/59, which aims to improve the qualifications of drivers.

EU Directive 2003/59

EU Directive 2003/59 established the Driver Certificate of Professional Competence (CPC), commonly known as Code 95. This directive requires drivers to undergo initial and periodic training to ensure they are competent and up-to-date with the latest developments in the transport industry.

More information about the directive can be found here.

How to Obtain Code 95

To obtain Code 95, drivers typically need to:

• Initial Qualification: Pass an initial qualification test, which includes a theoretical exam and a practical test.
• Periodic Training: Complete 35 hours of periodic training every five years to keep their Code 95 valid. This training covers various topics, including advanced driving techniques, safety regulations, first aid, and environmental awareness.

Where is Code 95 Displayed?

Code 95 is indicated on the driver’s license. It is usually marked with the harmonized EU code ’95’ followed by the date of expiry of the administrative validity.

Consequences of Not Having Code 95

Driving professionally without a valid Code 95 can result in:

• Fines: Both the driver and the transport company may be subject to fines.
• Suspension: The driver’s license may be suspended.
• Immobilization: The vehicle may be impounded.

Specific Information and Resources

For detailed information, consult the following resources:

• European Commission: Information on driving licenses and professional driver qualifications can be found on the European Commission’s website.
• National Transport Authorities: Each EU member state has its own transport authority responsible for implementing and enforcing Code 95. Check the website of your national transport authority for specific requirements and procedures.

Origin: https://driver-work.com/docs/what-is-code-95-and-why-does-a-driver-need-it/

Working in Another EU Country with a Work Permit from One EU Country

As a general rule, a work permit issued by one EU country does not automatically allow you to work in another EU country. However, there are specific circumstances and regulations that may permit this, primarily based on the principles of free movement and the Posted Workers Directive.

Free Movement of Workers

EU citizens have the right to live and work in any EU country without needing a work permit, according to the principle of free movement. This is enshrined in Article 45 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).

If you are a citizen of an EU member state, you do not need a work permit to work in another EU country. You are entitled to the same employment conditions as nationals of that country.

Third-Country Nationals

If you are not an EU citizen (a third-country national) but have a valid work permit in one EU country, your ability to work in another EU country depends on several factors:

• Posted Worker Directive (96/71/EC and 2018/957): If your employer in the EU country where you have a work permit temporarily sends you to work in another EU country, you are considered a posted worker. The Posted Workers Directive allows you to work in the second EU country while remaining employed by the company in the first EU country. This posting is usually for a limited duration.
• Conditions for Posted Workers: As a posted worker, you are entitled to certain rights in the host country, including minimum wage, working conditions, and health and safety standards. These conditions must be at least as favorable as those required by the host country’s laws and collective agreements.
• Long-Term Residence Permit: If you have a long-term residence permit in an EU country, you may have more rights to work in other EU countries. The rules vary depending on the specific national laws of each country. Some countries may require you to apply for a new work permit, while others may have a simplified procedure.
• National Regulations: Each EU country has its own regulations regarding the employment of third-country nationals. It is essential to check the specific rules of the country where you intend to work.

Specific Scenarios for International Transport Drivers

For international transport drivers, the rules can be complex. Here are a few scenarios:

• Posting: A driver employed by a company in one EU country can be temporarily posted to another EU country to perform transport services. This is common in the transport industry. The Posted Workers Directive applies here, ensuring the driver receives at least the minimum wage and working conditions of the host country.
• Cabotage: Cabotage rules allow a driver to perform domestic transport services within another EU country under certain conditions. These rules are designed to prevent unfair competition and protect local workers.
• Cross-Border Operations: Drivers engaged in cross-border transport (i.e., transporting goods between different EU countries) are generally covered by the rules of the country where their employer is based, but they must also comply with the regulations of the countries they transit through.

Requirements and Steps to Take

1. Check National Laws: Always verify the specific regulations of the EU country where you plan to work. Contact the relevant immigration authorities or labor offices for accurate information.
2. Employer’s Role: Your employer should handle the necessary paperwork and ensure compliance with all applicable laws, including registering you as a posted worker if applicable.
3. Documentation: Ensure you have all required documents, such as your passport, work permit (if applicable), employment contract, and any other relevant permits or licenses (e.g., driver’s license, Code 95).
4. Health Insurance: Confirm that you have adequate health insurance coverage for the duration of your stay in the other EU country. The European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) can provide access to healthcare in some cases, but it may not cover all medical expenses.

Resources

• European Commission: The European Commission’s website on free movement of workers provides comprehensive information on the rights and obligations of workers in the EU.
• EU Immigration Portal: The EU Immigration Portal offers details on immigration rules and procedures for third-country nationals.
• National Immigration Authorities: Contact the immigration authorities of the specific EU country where you intend to work for the most accurate and up-to-date information.

Disclaimer: Regulations can change, so it is crucial to verify the latest information with the relevant authorities before making any decisions.

Origin: https://driver-work.com/docs/can-a-driver-work-in-another-eu-country-based-on-a-work-permit-from-one-eu-country/

Renewing Your Code 95 in the EU: A Detailed Guide

To renew your Code 95 in the European Union, you must attend a periodic training course. The specific course you should choose depends on several factors, including the country where you obtained your initial Code 95, the country where you are currently working or residing, and any specific requirements of your employer.

General Requirements for Code 95 Renewal

According to Directive 2003/59/EC, which establishes the initial qualification and periodic training for drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers, the following general rules apply:

• Periodic Training: Drivers must complete 35 hours of periodic training every five years to renew their Code 95.
• Course Modules: The 35 hours of training are typically divided into five 7-hour modules.
• Course Content: The training must cover subjects aimed at improving road safety, fuel efficiency, and professional competence.
• Approved Training Centers: The training must be conducted at approved training centers.
• No Examination: Periodic training does not require a final examination.

Choosing the Right Course

While the core requirements are harmonized across the EU, some variations exist at the national level. Here’s how to choose the right course:

1. Country of Code 95 Issuance:
   • If you obtained your initial Code 95 in a specific EU country, it is generally advisable to complete your renewal training in that same country. This ensures that the training is fully compliant with local regulations.
2. Country of Residence or Work:
   • If you have moved to another EU country, you can usually complete your training in your new country of residence or work. However, you should verify that the training center is approved by the relevant authorities in that country.
3. Course Content and Focus:
   • Ensure that the course covers the mandatory topics outlined in Directive 2003/59/EC. These typically include advanced driving techniques, safety regulations, first aid, and environmental awareness.
   • Some courses may also offer specialized modules tailored to specific types of transport (e.g., hazardous goods, passenger transport). Choose modules that are relevant to your work.
4. Language:
   • Select a course offered in a language you understand fluently. This is crucial for effectively absorbing the training material.

Steps to Renew Your Code 95

1. Find an Approved Training Center:
   • Contact the transport authority in the country where you plan to take the training. They can provide a list of approved training centers.
2. Enroll in the Course:
   • Register for the 35-hour periodic training course. Ensure that the course schedule fits your availability.
3. Complete the Training:
   • Attend all training modules and actively participate in the sessions.
4. Update Your Driver Qualification Card (DQC):
   • After completing the training, the training center will typically notify the relevant authorities. Your Driver Qualification Card (DQC) or driving license will be updated to reflect the renewed Code 95 validity.

Country-Specific Information

While the EU provides a framework, individual countries may have specific requirements. Here are some examples:

• Germany: The Berufskraftfahrer-Qualifikations-Gesetz (BKrFQG) implements the EU directive. Training centers must be accredited, and courses must follow a specific curriculum.
• France: The legislation is based on EU directives, with specific requirements for training content and approved centers.
• Netherlands: The Dutch regulations also follow the EU framework, with accredited training centers providing the required courses.

Resources and Further Information

• European Commission: Refer to the official European Commission Transport website for updates and detailed information on driver training and qualification.
• National Transport Authorities: Contact the transport authority in your country of residence or work for specific guidance on approved training centers and course requirements.

By following these guidelines, you can ensure that you choose the correct course to renew your Code 95 and maintain your professional driving qualifications in the EU.

Origin: https://driver-work.com/docs/i-need-to-renew-my-code-95-which-course-should-i-choose/

Validity of Code 95 Across EU Countries

Yes, a Code 95 obtained in one EU country is generally valid in all other EU countries. This is because Code 95 is governed by EU Directive 2003/59/EC, which sets a common standard for the professional competence of drivers across the European Union.

EU Directive 2003/59/EC

This directive establishes the requirement for drivers of certain vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers to hold a Certificate of Professional Competence (CPC), indicated by the harmonized EU code ’95’ on their driving license. Once a driver has obtained Code 95 in one EU member state, it is recognized in all other member states.

Key Points:

• Mutual Recognition: EU law ensures that professional qualifications, including Code 95, are mutually recognized between member states.
• Standardized Training: The initial qualification and periodic training required to obtain and maintain Code 95 are based on common standards defined at the EU level.
• Enforcement: All EU countries are required to enforce these standards, ensuring consistent application and recognition of Code 95 across the Union.

Practical Implications

If you hold a Code 95 from any EU country, you can work as a professional driver in any other EU country without needing to obtain a new Code 95. However, you must comply with the specific regulations of the country where you are working, such as local traffic laws and working conditions.

Reference

For more detailed information, you can refer to:

• Directive 2003/59/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 July 2003 on the initial qualification and periodic training of drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32003L0059

Origin: https://driver-work.com/docs/will-a-code-95-obtained-in-one-eu-country-be-valid-in-another-eu-country/

Changing Your Code 95 to Another EU Country

If you hold a Code 95 from one EU country and are now working in another, you generally don’t need to ‘change’ it in the sense of re-taking the initial qualification. Code 95 is mutually recognized across the EU. However, you need to ensure your periodic training requirements are met and properly registered in the country where you are working.

Understanding Code 95

Code 95 is an endorsement on your driving license (or a separate Driver Qualification Card – DQC) in the EU, indicating that you have the necessary professional competence to drive trucks or buses. It is valid for five years. To maintain it, drivers must complete 35 hours of periodic training every five years.

Steps to Ensure Compliance

1. Verify Recognition: Ensure that your existing Code 95 (from the original issuing country) is valid. It should be recognized in the EU country where you are working.
2. Periodic Training: You must complete your 35 hours of periodic training within the five-year validity of your Code 95. This training can be done in any EU member state, regardless of where your license was initially issued.
3. Registration in Host Country: The key is to register your completed training in the EU country where you are now working. Here’s how:
   • Contact the Competent Authority: Each EU country has a specific authority responsible for driver qualifications. Contact them to understand their specific requirements for registering training completed in another country.
   • Provide Documentation: You will likely need to provide:
     • Your driving license with the Code 95 endorsement (or your DQC).
     • Proof of completing the periodic training (certificates of attendance).
     • Proof of residency or employment in the host country.
   • Language Requirements: Be prepared for documents to be translated into the local language.
4. Issuance of New Card/Endorsement: After providing the necessary documentation and completing any administrative steps, the host country will typically:
   • Issue a new Driver Qualification Card (DQC) with the Code 95, valid in that country; or
   • Endorse your existing driving license with the Code 95, recognized in that country.

Where to Get Training

You can undertake the periodic training at any approved training center within the EU. The specific courses can vary, but they must cover subjects outlined in the EU directive related to driver CPC (Certificate of Professional Competence).

Key Considerations

• EU Directive 2003/59/EC: This directive establishes the initial qualification and periodic training requirements for professional drivers. Make sure you are familiar with the requirements.
• National Regulations: Each EU member state may have specific rules regarding the implementation of the directive. Always check the specific requirements of the country where you are working.
• Deadlines: Keep track of the expiration date of your Code 95 and plan your periodic training accordingly.

Example Scenario

Let’s say you obtained your Code 95 in Poland and are now working in Germany. You complete your 35 hours of periodic training in Germany. You then need to present your Polish driving license (or DQC), proof of training, and proof of residency/employment to the relevant German authority (e.g., the local Fahrerlaubnisbehörde). They will then issue you a German DQC or endorse your license, reflecting your compliance.

Resources

• European Commission – Transport: https://transport.ec.europa.eu/index_en
• EU Directive 2003/59/EC: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32003L0059
• Contact the relevant transport authority in the EU country where you are working.

Origin: https://driver-work.com/docs/i-want-to-change-my-code-95-from-one-country-to-the-eu-country-where-i-am-currently-working-what-course-do-i-need/

Validity Period of Code 95 in the European Union

Code 95 is a mandatory qualification for professional drivers of trucks or buses in the European Union. It confirms that a driver has the necessary skills and knowledge to drive professionally. The validity period of Code 95 is standardized across the EU to ensure consistency.

Standard Validity Period

The standard validity period for Code 95 is five years. This means that once you obtain Code 95, it remains valid for five years from the date of issue. After this period, drivers are required to undergo periodic training to renew their Code 95.

Renewal Process

To renew Code 95, drivers must complete 35 hours of periodic training every five years. This training is designed to update drivers’ knowledge of:

• Road safety regulations
• Vehicle technology
• Eco-driving techniques
• First aid
• Other relevant topics

The training can be spread out over the five-year period, but it must be completed before the Code 95 expires. There is no exam required for the renewal, as the focus is on continuous professional development.

Documentation

Code 95 is typically indicated on the driver’s license or a separate Driver Qualification Card (DQC), depending on the EU member state. The expiration date is clearly marked on the document.

EU Directive Reference

The requirements for Code 95 are outlined in Directive 2003/59/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. This directive establishes the initial qualification and periodic training for drivers of certain road vehicles for the carriage of goods or passengers.

You can find the official directive here: Directive 2003/59/EC

Summary

In summary, Code 95 is valid for five years throughout the European Union. To maintain this qualification, drivers must complete 35 hours of periodic training within that five-year period. Always refer to the official EU directive and your member state’s specific regulations for the most accurate and up-to-date information.

Origin: https://driver-work.com/docs/what-is-the-validity-period-of-the-code-95-card/

Switching Employment Between EU Countries for Drivers

As a general principle, a work permit issued by one EU country is usually valid only for employment within that specific country. The freedom of movement for workers within the EU simplifies the process, but it does not automatically allow a non-EU citizen with a work permit in one member state to work in another.

General Rules and Regulations

Freedom of Movement: EU citizens have the right to live and work in any EU country without needing a work permit. However, this right does not automatically extend to non-EU citizens who hold a work permit in one EU country.

Work Permit Validity: A work permit is typically issued by a specific country and is tied to employment within that country. To work in another EU country, a new work permit or authorization is generally required.

EU Directives: Certain EU directives facilitate the mobility of workers, but these often involve specific conditions and do not override national regulations regarding work permits.

Steps to Work in Another EU Country

1. Check National Regulations: Each EU country has its own rules regarding the employment of non-EU citizens. You should check the specific regulations of the country where you intend to work.
2. Apply for a New Work Permit: Generally, you will need to apply for a new work permit in the country where you plan to work. This usually involves demonstrating that you have a job offer and meet other requirements, such as qualifications and language skills.
3. Visa Requirements: Depending on your nationality, you may also need to obtain a visa to enter and work in the new EU country.

Specific Considerations for Drivers

Code 95: If you are a driver, ensure that your Code 95 (Certificate of Professional Competence) is valid and recognized in the new country. Some countries may require you to complete additional training or certification.

Recognition of Qualifications: Ensure that your driving qualifications and any other relevant certifications are recognized in the new EU country. You may need to get them officially recognized or translated.

Important Factors to Consider

• Bilateral Agreements: Some EU countries have bilateral agreements that may simplify the process for certain categories of workers. Check if any such agreements apply to your situation.
• Social Security and Taxes: Understand the social security and tax implications of working in a new country. You will likely need to register with the local authorities and contribute to the social security system.
• Healthcare: Ensure you have adequate health insurance coverage in the new country. You may need to register with the local healthcare system.

Resources and References

• European Commission Website: The official website of the European Commission provides information on working and living in the EU. https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/index_en.htm
• National Immigration Authorities: Contact the immigration authorities of the specific EU country where you plan to work for detailed information on their requirements.

Disclaimer: Regulations can change, so it is important to verify the most current information with the relevant authorities before making any decisions.

Origin: https://driver-work.com/docs/can-a-driver-with-a-work-permit-in-one-eu-country-switch-to-work-in-another-eu-country/

Documents Required to Work as an International Transport Driver in Europe (EU)

To work as an international transport driver in the European Union, you generally need several documents related to your identity, driving qualifications, professional competence, and legal right to work. Here’s a detailed breakdown:

1. Identity and Right to Work

• Passport/National ID: A valid passport or national ID card (for EU citizens) is essential for identification and border crossings.
• Visa/Work Permit:
  • EU Citizens: As an EU citizen, you have the right to work in any other EU member state without needing a visa or work permit.
  • Non-EU Citizens: If you are not an EU citizen, you will need a valid visa and work permit for the specific EU country where you intend to work. The requirements vary significantly between countries. You should check the specific regulations of the country where you plan to work. For example, Germany has specific regulations for foreign workers, and you can find information on the Make it in Germany website.

2. Driving Qualifications

• Driving License: A valid driving license is mandatory. It must be appropriate for the category of vehicle you will be driving (e.g., C, C+E, D). Ensure your license is valid in all the EU countries you will be driving through.
• Certificate of Professional Competence (CPC) / Code 95:
  • What it is: Code 95 is an endorsement on your driving license (or a separate qualification card) that proves you have the necessary professional competence to drive for commercial purposes.
  • Requirement: All professional drivers driving vehicles requiring a C, C+E, D, or D+E license must have Code 95.
  • How to Obtain: You typically obtain Code 95 by completing an initial qualification (training and exam) and then undergoing periodic training (35 hours every 5 years).
  • More Information: You can find more details on the European Commission’s Certificate of Professional Competence page.
• Driver Qualification Card (DQC): In some countries, especially for non-EU drivers, a Driver Qualification Card (DQC) might be required in addition to Code 95. This card serves as proof of your professional driving qualifications.

3. Other Essential Documents

• Criminal Record Check/Police Clearance Certificate (PCC): Many employers require a criminal record check or police clearance certificate to ensure you have no relevant criminal history.
• Health Insurance:
  • EU Citizens: If you are an EU citizen, your European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) provides access to healthcare in other EU countries. However, it’s advisable to have comprehensive health insurance.
  • Non-EU Citizens: You must have valid health insurance coverage in the EU country where you are working. This is often a requirement for obtaining a work permit.
• Employment Contract: A valid employment contract with a transport company is essential. This contract should specify your job role, working conditions, salary, and other relevant details.
• Social Security Number/Insurance: You will need to register for social security in the country where you are employed to ensure you receive social benefits and contribute to the social security system.
• Tax Identification Number: You will need a tax identification number to pay income tax in the country where you are working.
• Tachograph Card (Driver Card):
  • What it is: A tachograph card is a smart card that records your driving hours, rest periods, and other work-related activities.
  • Requirement: It is mandatory for drivers of vehicles equipped with a digital tachograph.
  • How to Obtain: You apply for a tachograph card in the EU country where you are normally resident.

4. Additional Considerations

• Language Skills: While not always a formal requirement, having a good command of the language of the country where you are working or at least English is highly beneficial.
• Company-Specific Requirements: Some transport companies may have additional requirements, such as specific training certifications or assessments.

5. Where to Find More Information

• European Commission: The European Commission’s website provides general information about working and living in the EU.
• National Immigration Authorities: The immigration authorities of the specific EU country where you plan to work are the best source of detailed and up-to-date information on visa and work permit requirements.
• EU Immigration Portal: The EU Immigration Portal offers comprehensive information on immigration procedures.

Disclaimer: Regulations can change, so it is crucial to verify the latest requirements with the relevant authorities and embassies of the specific EU countries where you intend to work.

Origin: https://driver-work.com/docs/what-documents-are-required-to-work-as-an-international-transport-driver-in-europe/